
The Project:
Telemedicine in the Amazon Jungle
Our mission is to place satellite
computer terminals in the Amazon rural communities, so that the medical
students doing their turn of the internship can access Internet and carry
out voice and video transmissions over the Internet with their teachers
in Manaus' University Hospital and other supporting hospitals.
These terminals are stripped
down PCs (sometimes called "slim clients" in computer parlance). They have
a flat panel color video display, full keyboard, mouse and a small plastic
tower with no disks inside. They are permanently connected via a 3-foot
parabolic antenna to a low-orbit satellite network (LOS), which requires
low power to work than geosynchronous satellites. All software is stored
in the network server, which is located in the 20th floor of
a gleaming, ultramodern glass tower in the plush business district of São
Paulo, 4,000 miles to the South.
Thanks
to state-of-the art technology, these small PCs have a lot of power.
Transmission speeds as high as 512 kbits per second can be achieved, which
is good enough for full-screen videoconferencing and broadcasting of TV
programs directly to the PCs screens.
New
Capabilities Brought by Technology
In this
way, the medical students will be able to:
-
conference with their teachers
and physicians, not only in their home base in Manaus, but also with the
ultra-sophisticated hospitals in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, in
case of need;
-
transmit images of their
patients, electrocardiograms, images of microscopic samples for malarial
diagnosis, and much more;
-
surf the Internet, to look
for medical information, resources that can help them to diagnose and treat
better their patients, and continue to study for their forthcoming examinations;
-
watch educational broadcastings
from the best medical schools in the South, which will be relayed by the
EduMed Institute, and to record patient education programs to show to the
village people later;
-
send to the health authority
data about disease incidence, epidemics, which are just beginning and order
needed medical supplies and vaccines.
There
is more: the Indian Health Service will benefit from the telemedicine setup,
too. They are integrated with the municipal health services of the nearest
town, but each one has a resident "barefoot doctor", who is an Indian of
the same village, who is literate and was trained by government physicians
to perform the simple duties of a health-promotion agent. This is very
smart, because it respects their cultural heritage and fosters trust.
A
basic unit with several physicians and nurses nearby help out the agent
by receiving patient referrals with a need for more complex medical procedures.
These professionals are all paid up by philanthropic non-governmental organizations
(NGOs), which were founded by religious groups or by the Indian activists
themselves. The Indian Health Services plans to have telemedicine units
in these services too. They will help 85,000 Indians of more than 130 different
ethnic groups still living the most primitive of existences throughout
the state of Amazonas.
To start this program,
a lot of help will be needed. We will buy or get computers and satellite
dishes donated and installed in place, students and local users must be
trained, and a 24-h service center must be established in Manaus' University
Hospital. Other medical schools around the country will be contacted and
hired to generate educational content, and provide second opinion and teleconsultation
services. The telecommunications company must be paid on a monthly basis
and internet hosting must be arranged.
There are several opportunities
for helping. Please read on...
First International Symposiun on Aboriginal Telemedicine.
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